Philosophical Perspectives on the Self by Gonçalves Jorge Fonseca João

Author:Gonçalves, Jorge,Fonseca, João
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Peter Lang AG

This approach forges a connection between human neuropsychological data and experimental mammalian research. The ‘particular structures and connections’ namely the hippocampus proper, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and perihippocampal gyrus, have homologs across the mammalian class. Since declarative (or explicit) memory is coextensive with hippocampal-requiring memory, the term is applicable to memory research on humans, other primates and rodents. (2003, p. 78)

In evolutionary theory, the term ‘Homologue’ means precisely a phenotypic trait conserved through species that share a common ancestor. The answer for our question is that scientists extensionally induce f (in particular, the claim that ‘M causes B’, by both assuming structural homology (e.g. the hippocampus) and functional homology (e.g., Declarative memory) through a class of species belonging to a single evolutionary clade (i.e., sharing the same common ancestor). In the case mentioned in the quotation, the function Declarative Memory is inductively presumed to exist in all the animals (mammals) that share the Hippocampus as a common phenotypic trace conserved in all the members of the clade.

Taking this into consideration we should now ask: what principles govern the hierarchical relations comprising Nested Concepts? Taking again the examples of ‘Memory Consolidation simpliciter’ and ‘Declarative Memory Consolidation’, consider the following quotation from Squire and Kandel that adopts evolutionary principle (ii) as an explicit rationale:

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